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Infostation

  International Trend in Tobacco Control

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

To control the harmful effects of tobacco, the World Health Organization (WHO) works actively to encourage Member States to ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which aims to reduce smoking-included morbidity and mortality by imposing regulations on tobacco products, such as their content, packaging, advertising, marketing, sponsorship, price, taxation and illicit trade etc. The FCTC entered into force on 27 February 2005.

For further information on the FCTC, please visit:
http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/en/

Indoor Smoking Ban

In recent years, many countries and places have enacted laws to prohibit smoking in indoor workplaces and indoor public places, such as restaurants and bars etc. In the State of California (USA), one of the first places where indoor smoking ban was implemented, the Smoke-free Workplace Regulation took effect in restaurants and workplaces in 1995 and in bars, taverns and gaming clubs in 1998. The successful experience of California was then followed by other states. The Clean Indoor Air Act of New York State went into effect in 2003.

For further information on tobacco control legislations of the States of California and New York, please visit:

California, USA
California Law Labor Code 6404.5

New York, USA
Clean Indoor Air Act

A number of European countries have enacted legislations on indoor smoking ban, among which Ireland was one of the first countries that went smoke-free. On 29 March 2004, all indoor public areas in Ireland, including restaurants and bars became no smoking areas and this legislation was widely accepted and supported. Apart from Ireland, other countries such as Malta, Spain and Norway have also implemented indoor smoking ban. With effect from 26 March 2006, the indoor public areas of Scotland went smoke-free. For further information about the tobacco control legislations of these countries, please visit: 

Ireland
Public Health (Tobacco) Act
Public Health (Tobacco) (Amendment) Act

Malta
Tobacco (Smoking Control) Act

Norway
Act No. 14 Prevention of the Harmful Effects of Tobacco

Scotland
The Prohibition of Smoking in Certain Premises (Scotland) Regulations 2006

In Asia-Pacific region, the indoor smoking ban legislation of New Zealand went into force in 10 December 2004. It was found in the first anniversary evaluation report that the legislation received major support from New Zealander and has brought positive impact to the economy. Singapore and Thailand has also implemented smoking ban in most indoor public places. For further information about these legislations, please visit:

New Zealand
Smoke-free Environments Act 1990
Smoke-free Environments Amendment Act 2003

Singapore
Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act

Evaluation reports on the effectiveness of the implementation of indoor smoking ban that were done by various countries:

Ireland
Smoke-Free Workplaces in Ireland: A One-Year Review. Office of Tobacco Control, Ireland

Norway
Norway's ban on smoking in bars and restaurants - A review of the first year. Directorate for Health and Social Affairs

New Zealand
The Smoke is Clearing Anniversary Report 2005. Ministry of Health

New York, USA
First Annual Independent Evaluation of New York's Tobacco Control Program. New York State Department of Health.

California, USA
California Tobacco Control Update 2004. California Department of Health Services

Pictorial health warning

Some countries and regions have required tobacco packages to display pictorial health warnings, such as human organs that were damaged by smoking or the hazards of smoking to smoker's family. The objective of these warnings is to enhance their visual effects.

Australia
With effect from 1 March 2006, all cigarette packets in Australia must carry a health warning that covers at least 30% of the front and 90% of the back of the packet. The health warning at the back should contain further details of the warning and the quitline number. For further information, please visit:

Department of Health and Ageing, Australia

Brazil
Starting from February 2002, all cigarette packets in Brazil must carry a health warnings that covers 100% of one side of the package (the one most easily visible to consumers). A total of 10 kinds of warning were set.

National Health Surveillance Agency, Brazil
http://www.anvisa.gov.br/eng/informs/news/281003.htm
http://www.anvisa.gov.br/eng/legis/resol/335_03rdc.htm

Canada
Starting from December 2000, all cigarette packets in Canada must carry a health warning that covers 50% of the front and back of the package. One side of the health warning should be in English and the other side should be in French (i.e. the two official languages of Canada). A total of 16 kinds of warning were set.

Health Canada

European Union
The European Union (EU) had provided a total of 42 kinds of picture-based health warning for its member states to choose from and apply on cigarette packets from 1 October 2004. While it was not mandatory to use these picture-based health warnings, all warnings on cigarette packets must cover at least 30% of the front (32% for bilingual and 35% for trilingual) and 40% of the back (45% for bilingual and 50% for trilingual) of cigarette packets. A border is also required. For further details, please visit:

Official Journal of the European Union, Europa
Directive 2001/37/EC
Press Release

Some other countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Venezuela and Uruguay have also required cigarette packets to contain pictorial health warnings.

Packaging and labelling of tobacco products

According to Article 11 of the FCTC, each Party shall, within a period of three years after entry into force of this Convention for that Party, adopt and implement, in accordance with its nations law, effective measures to ensure that tobacco products packaging and labelling do not promote a tobacco product by any means that are false, misleading, deceptive or likely to create an erroneous impression about its characteristics, health effects, hazard or emissions , including any terms, descriptor, trademark, figurative or any other sign that directly or indirectly creates the false impression that a particular tobacco products is less harmful that other tobacco products. These may include terms such as "low tar", "light", "ultra-light", or "mild".

Some countries have already enacted legislations to regulate the packaging and labelling of tobacco products while litigations were made in some countries. These countries include Australia, Brazil, Ireland and Sweden. For further information, please visit:

Australia
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

Trade Practice Act 1974
Section 52
Section 53A

Brazil
Resolution - RDC no 335

China
Tobacco Monopoly Bureau

Ireland
Public Health (Tobacco) Act - Art. 42
Public Health (Tobacco) (Amendment) Act - Section 13

 
     
 
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Last Revision Date : 03 July 2007